The aim of this two-phase research is to evaluate the perceptions and adoption of mobile phone-based diabetes monitoring (MDM) systems among physicians in Spain. In comparison with Okazaki et al.’s [2012] MDM adoption model based on DeLone and McLean’s [2003] information systems success model, we propose an alternative model based on technology acceptance model 2. An empirical survey is conducted in attempting to address two key questions: (1) Which model exhibits superior parsimony and predictive power?, and (2) How does physicians’ prior experience with mobile Internet moderate the hypothesized relationships among the constructs? In total, 495 primary care physicians participated in the survey in Spain. Our findings suggest that Okazaki et al.’s model is more parsimonious and better explains the main drivers of the intention to use MDM. Overall quality, net benefits, and perceived value of the system also contribute to its acceptance, albeit with effects being moderated by the user’s experience with mobile Internet. In closing, important theoretical and managerial implications are drawn, while limitations are recognized and future research directions are suggested.